• P.E. Thelwall1, X Silver2, S.J. Blackband1,3, 1Dept of Neuroscience, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL-USA, 2AMRIS, Univ of Florida Gainesville, FL-USA, 3 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL-USA " H217O as a "smart" contrast agent with relativity sensitive to tissue metabolic status", at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Seattle, 2006 (page 103).
  • P.E. Thelwall, McKinght Brain Institute at the University Of Florida, Gainesville, FL-USA. "Imaging water proton exchange rate with proton-decoupled oxygen-17 pH 2D-CSI mapping technique" at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Seattle, 2006 (page 813)
  • N Zhang1, X-H. Zhu1, W. Chen1, 1 Center for Magnetic Resonance research, University of Minnesota, Minn, MN-USA," Evaluation of the Simplified Method for Mapping Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Based on 17O NMR Approach", at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Seattle, 2006
  • X-H Zhu, X. Zhang. N Zhang, Y. Zhang, J Strupp, K Ugurbil, W. Chen, CMRR Radiology Department, Univ of Minn Medical School, Minneapolis, MN-USA, at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Seattle, 2006 (page 4).
  • M Narazaki1, Y. Kanazawa1, S Koike2,K. Ando2, H Ikehira1, "17O imaging for the evaluation of physiological functioning the tumor bearing mice", at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine, Seattle, 2006 (page 113).
  • Bernard Gallez,* Christine Baudelet and Be´ne´dicte F. Jordan, Review Article
    “Assessment of tumor oxygenation by electron paramagnetic resonance: principles and applications”, NMR IN BIOMEDICINE NMR Biomed. 2004;17:240–262 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:10.1002/nbm.900
  • Rohit Sood. “Off-resonance binomial preparatory pulse technique for high sensitivity MRI of H2O17 “Magnetic Resonance Imaging 22 (2004) 181–195
  • Nanyin Zhang, *Xiao-Hong Zhu, †Hao Lei, *Kamil Ugurbil, and *Wei Chen.” Simplified Methods for Calculating Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Based on 17O Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Measurement During a Short 17O2 Inhalation” Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 24:840–848 © 2004 The International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
  • Dharmesh R. Tailor, a,b,* James E. Baumgardner,c Ravinder R. Regatte,a John S. Leigh,a and Ravinder Reddy “Proton MRI of metabolically produced H2 17O using an efficient 17O2 delivery system” NeuroImage 22 (2004) 611 –618
  • Gheorghe D. Mateescu.” Potential and Limitations of Oxygen-17 MR Perfusion Measurements” ISMRM Workshop on Cerebral Perfusion March 2004, Venice, Italy
  • X-H. Zhu1, Y. Zhang1, N. Zhang1, K. Ugurbil1, W. Chen1 “Ultra-fast In Vivo Measurement of CMRO2 in Rat Brain in Seconds: A 17O NMR Study at 9.4 Tesla” Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
  • N. Zhang1, X-H. Zhu1, W. Chen1.” A Quantitative Model to Estimate Limited Permeability of Mitochondrial Membrane to Water in Brain” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
  • H. Lu1,2, X. Golay1,2, J. J. Pekar1,2, P. C. van Zijl1,2 “ Elevated Cerebral Energy Use Without Vascular Response” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
  • P. K. Maciejewski1, I. Kida2, F. Hyder2 “Estimating dynamic CMRO2 from dynamic CBF and BOLD fMRI measurements” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
  • Z. M. Liu1, Q. Shen1, K. M. Sicard1, M. Febo1, C. F. Ferris1, E. A. Stein2, T. Q. Duong1 “Imaging Cocaine-Induced Changes in BOLD, CBF and Oxygen Consumption” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 11 (2004)
  • Robert L. DeLaPaz, Pradeep M Gupte, S. Connolly, E. Wu, Truman Brown " Oxygen-17 Uptake in Mouse Cerebral Ischemia " at the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Annual Meeting in May 11-16, 2003 held in Toronto, Canada.
  • Jin-Moo Lee, MD, PhD,2 Katie D. Vo, MD,3 Hongyu An, PhD,4 Azim Celik, PhD,5 Yueh Lee, MS,1 Chung Y. Hsu, MD, PhD,2 and Weili Lin, PhD1.” Magnetic Resonance Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Utilization in Hyperacute Stroke Patients” Annals of Neurology Vol 53 No 2 February 2003
  • Dharmesh R. Tailor,1,2* Harish Poptani,1 Jerry D. Glickson,1 John S. Leigh,1and Ravinder Reddy1 “High-Resolution Assessment of Blood Flow in Murine RIF-1 Tumors by Monitoring Uptake of H2 17O With Proton T1_-Weighted Imaging” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 49:1–6 (2003).
  • Arijitt Borthakur, PhD,* Andrew Wheaton, BS, Sridhar R. Charagundla, MD, PhD,Erik M. Shapiro, PhD, Ravinder R. Regatte, PhD, Sarma V. S. Akella, PhD,
  • J. Bruce Kneeland, MD, and Ravinder Reddy, PhD. “Three-Dimensional T1_-Weighted MRI at 1.5 Tesla” JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING 17:730–736 (2003)
  • Dharmesh R. Tailor,1,2* Arijit Roy,3 Ravinder R. Regatte,1 Sridhar R. Charagundla,1 Alan C. McLaughlin,4 John S. Leigh,1 and Ravinder Reddy1 “Indirect 17O-Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 49:479–487 (2003)
  • Dharmesh R. Tailor,1,2* Harish Poptani,1 Jerry D. Glickson,1 John S. Leigh,1 and Ravinder Reddy1 “High-Resolution Assessment of Blood Flow in Murine RIF-1 Tumors by Monitoring Uptake of H2 17O With Proton T1_-Weighted Imaging” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 49:1–6 (2003)
  • LiJuan C. Wang, MD; Nancy Futrell, MD; David Z. Wang, DO ;Fang-Jie Chen, MD ; Qi-hui Zhai, MD; Lonni R. Schultz, PhD.” A Reproducible Model of Middle Cerebral Infarcts, Compatible with Long-term Survival, in Aged Rats”. Stroke -- Wang et al. 26 (11): 2003
  • Hajime Tamura, MD, PhD; Jun Hatazawa, MD, PhD; Hideto Toyoshima, BSc;Eku Shimosegawa, MD, PhD; Toshio Okudera, MD, PhD. “Detection of Deoxygenation-Related Signal Change in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients by T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging”. Page 967- 969 Stroke April 2002
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Hao Lei, Yi Zhang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Nanyin Zhang, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen.” Evidence of Limited Permeation of Metabolic Water in Rat Brain Observed by "0 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging and Its Implications” Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 10 (2002).
  • Alex de Crespigny1,2, Helen D'Arceui1132, Julian HG, Chris Putman2, Ron Budzik2, Gil Gonzalez1.2 “Arterial Delivery of Oxygen-17 Contrast Agent in Primates” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 10 (2002)
  • Nanyin Zhang, Xiao-Hong Zhu, Hao Lei, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen.” Calculation of Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Oxygen Based On "0 MRS Imaging With 2 Minutes' ' 0 2 Inhalation: A Simplified Approach” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 10 (2002)
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Runxia Tian, Hao Lei, Yi Zhang, Nanyin Zhang, Seong-Gi Kim, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen “Measurement of CMROl Changes During Forepaw Stimulation in Rat using "017 MRSI ApproachAt 9.4T: A Preliminary Study” Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 10 (2002)
  • Hongyu An1 and Weili Lin1,2* “Cerebral Oxygen Extraction Fraction and Cerebral Venous Blood Volume Measurements Using MRI:Effects of Magnetic Field Variation” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 47:958–966 (2002)
  • XIAOBING FAN, PH.D., JONATHAN N. RIVER, B.S., MARTA ZAMORA, B.S.,HANIA A. AL-HALLAQ, PH.D., AND GREGORY S. KARCZMAR, PH.D.” EFFECT OF CARBOGEN ON TUMOR OXYGENATION: COMBINED FLUORINE-19 AND PROTON MRI MEASUREMENTS” Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 1202–1209, 2002
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Yi Zhang, Run-Xia Tian, Hao Lei, Nanyin Zhang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Hellmut Merkle, Kamil Ugurbil,and Wei Chen†. “Development of 17O NMR approach for fast imaging of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in rat brain at high field” 13194–13199 PNAS _ October 1, 2002 _ vol. 99 _ no. 20
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Hellmut Merkle, Jae-Hwan Kwag, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen*“17O Relaxation Time and NMR Sensitivity of Cerebral Water and Their Field Dependence”. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45:543–549 (2001)
  • Hopkins AL, Lust WD, Haacke EM, Wielopolski P, Barr RG, Bratton CB. “The stability of proton T2 effects of oxygen-17 water in experimental cerebral ischemia” Magn Reson Med. 1991 Nov;22(1):167-74.
  • A. GREGORY SORENSEN, M.D.” What Is the Meaning of Quantitative CBF?” AJNR: 22, February 2001
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Hellmut Merkle, Jae-Hwan Kwag, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen* “17O Relaxation Time and NMR Sensitivity of Cerebral Water and Their Field Dependence” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45:543–549 (2001)
  • Xiao-Hong Zhu, Hellmut Merkle, Jae-Hwan Kwag, Kamil Ugurbil, and Wei Chen* “17O Relaxation Time and NMR Sensitivity of Cerebral Water and Their Field Dependence” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45:543–549 (2001)
  • William M. Spees,1 Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy,1,2* Mark C. Oswood,1 and Joseph J.H. Ackerman1,3,4 “Water Proton MR Properties of Human Blood at 1.5 Tesla: Magnetic Susceptibility, T1, T2, T* , and Non-Lorentzian Signal Behavior” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45:533–542 (2001)
    William M. Spees,1 Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy,1,2* Mark C. Oswood,1 and Joseph J.H. Ackerman1,3,4 “ Water Proton MR Properties of Human Blood at 1.5 Tesla: Magnetic Susceptibility, T1, T2, T* , and Non- Lorentzian Signal Behavior” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 45:533–542 (2001)
  • Xiaoliang Zhang, Xiao-Hong Zhu, Runxia Tian, Yi Zhang, Hellmut Merkle, Wei Chen.” Measurement of arterial input functionof 17O water tracer in rat carotid artery" by using a region-defined (REDE) implantedvascular RF coil” A.J. de Crespigny,1* H.E. D’Arceuil,1 T. Engelhorn,2 and M.E. Moseley1 “MRI of Focal Cerebral Ischemia Using 17O-Labeled Water” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 43:876–883 (2000)
    S. Sendhil Velan,1 Richard G.S. Spencer,1 Jay L. Zweier,2 and Periannan Kuppusamy " T2*Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oxygen Mapping
  • (EPROM): Direct Visualization of Oxygen Concentration in Tissue” Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 43:804–809 (2000)
  • W.J. Rogers, Pradeep.M.Gupte, E.A. Piccione, C.M. Kramer, D.A. Vido, N. Reichek, " T2 Imaging using O-17 for Detection of Viability in Myocardial Infarction" International Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Seventh Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, USA, May 1999
  • Seong-Gi Kim,1* Egill Rostrup,2 Henrik B.W. Larsson,2 Seiji Ogawa,3 and Olaf B. Paulson2.” Determination of Relative CMRO2 From CBF and BOLD Changes: Significant Increase of Oxygen Consumption Rate During Visual Stimulation". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 41:1152–1161 (1999)
  • Luigi Arena, MD,Ph.D and Pradeep .M. Gupte, " Preliminary experience with ( 17O2-PFC) as a Tissue Viability Agent" International Society of Magnetic Resonance In Medicine Sixth Annual Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 1998.
  • ITAMAR RONEN*, HELLMUT MERKLE†, KAMIL UGURBIL†, AND GIL NAVON*‡.” Imaging of H2 17O distribution in the brain of a live rat by using proton-detected 17O MRI” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 12934–12939, October 1998 Biophysics
  • Itamar Ronen,1 Jing-Huei Lee,2 Hellmut Merkle,2 Kamil Ugurbil2 and Gil Navon1w “Imaging H2 17O Distribution in a Phantom and Measurement of Metabolically Produced H2-17O in Live Mice by Proton NMR” , NMR IN BIOMEDICINE, VOL. 10, 333–340 (1997)
  • Keigo Matsumoto, Eng H. Lo, Allen R. Pierce, Haoran Wei, Leoncio Garrido, and Neil W. Kowall “Role of Vasogenic Edema and Tissue Cavitation in Ischemic Evolutionon Diffusion-weighted Imaging: Comparison with Multiparameter MRand Immunohistochemistry” AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16:1107–1115, May 1995
  • B.A. Teicher; G.N. Schwartz and E. Frei III, "Oxygenation of Human Tumor Xenografts by Perfluorochemical Emulsion/Carbogen". F-59, Vth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-20, 1993, San Diego, CA.
  • R.J. Kaufman, T.H. Goodin, T.J. Richard, "Efficacy of Perfluorochemical Emulsion in surgical Anemia and shock resuscitation". F-4, 5th International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-29 1993, San Diego, CA.
  • D. Fiat, S. Kang, "Determination of the rate of cerebral oxygen consumption and regional cerebral blood flow by non-invasive 17O2 in-vivo spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging". Neurological Research, Vol 15(1); 7-22, February 1993.
  • D. Fiat, J. Dolinsek, J. Hankiewicz, M. Dujovny, J. Ausman, "Determination of RCMRO(2) and RCBF by non-invasive O-17 oxygen consumption in the human-O-17 natural abundance cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in a whole body system". Neurological Research, Vol 15,5, 237-248, August 1993.
  • S.R. Thomas, "Quantitative pO2 imaging in-vivo with fluorochemical F-19 NMR: Tracking oxygen from the airway through the blood to organ tissue". Vth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-20, 1993, San Diego, CA.
  • W.L. Holman, D.C. McGiffin and A.D. Pacifico, "Use of current generation of perfluorocarbons in cardiac surgery". F-6, Vth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-20, 1993, San Diego, CA.
  • R.A. Kloner and S.L Hale, "cardivascular application of Fluorocarbons". F-14, Vth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-20, 1993, San Diego, CA.
  • R.P. Mason and P.P. Antich, "Tumor Oxygen Tension: Measurement using Oxygent as a 19-F NMR probe at 4.7". Vth International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, March 17-20, 1993, San Diego, CA.


Click here to download a selected bibliography.

  • A.L. Hopkins, W.D. Lust, E.M. Haacke, P. Wielopolski, R. G. Barr and C. Bratton." Improved Sensitivity of Proton MR to Oxygen-17 as a Contrast Agent Using Fast Imaging Detection in Brain" Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 22, 167-174, 1991.
  • K.K. Kwong, A.L. Hopkins, J.W. Belliveau, D.A. chesler, L.M. Porkka, R.C. Mckinstry, D.A. Finelli, G.J. Hunter, J.B. Moore, R.G. Barr and B.R. Rosen. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 22, 154-158, 1991.
  • G.D. Mateescu, J. LaManna, D. Lust, L. Mars, J. Tseng, "Oxygen-17 Magnetic Resonance: In-vivo determination of nascent mitochondrial waterin animals breathing 17(O)2 enriched air". 10th Annual Meeting, Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, pg 1031, 1991.
  • G.D. Mateescu, J. LaManna, D. Lust, L. Mars, J. Tseng, "Oxygen-17 Magnetic Resonance: In-vivo determination of nascent mitochondrial waterin animals breathing 17(O)2 enriched air". 10th Annual Meeting, Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, pg 1031, 1991.
  • Arai T, Mori K, Nakao S, Watanabe K, Kito K, Aoki M, Mori H, Morikawa S, Inubushi T.” In vivo oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance for the estimation of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991 Sep 16;179(2):954-61
  • J. Pekar, L. Ligeti, Z. Ruttner, R.C. Lyons, T.M. Sinwell, P. van Gelderen, D. Fiat, C.T.W. Moonen and A.C. McLaughlin, "In-vivo measurement of cerebral oxygen consumption, and blood flow using 17(O) MRI". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol 21, pg 313, 1991.
  • T. Arai, Pradeep M. Gupte, S. Laskar, K Mori and L.R.M. DelGuercio, "Method for the detection of tissue metabolite (H2-17O) in brain by proton MRI". Critical Care Medicine, 17:1333, 1989.
  • Narinder G. Kumar, T. Arai, S.E. Laskar, Pradeep M. Gupte, "In vivo-detection of Oxygen-17 water metabolite by proton NMR imaging". Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine-works in progress (Abstract), 1988, San Francisco CA.
  • G.D. Mateescu, G.Yars, D.I. Pazara, N.A. Alldridge, J.C. LaManna, D.W. Lust, M. Mattingly and W. Kuhn, "17O/1H Magnetic resonance imaging in plants, animals, materials in Synthesis and Application of Isotopically Labelled Compounds" (T.A. Baillie and J.R. Jones, Eds), 499-508, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989
  • FAHMEED HYDER,1 ROBERT G. SHULMAN,1 AND DOUGLAS L. ROTHMAN2 A model for the regulation of cerebral oxygen delivery, the American Physiological Society, 8750-7587/98 Yeung HN, Lent AH.” Proton transverse relaxation rate of 17O-enriched water” Magn Reson Med 1987 Jul;5(1):87-92
  • Hopkins AL, Barr RG.” Oxygen-17 compounds as potential NMR T2 contrast agents: enrichment effects of H2(17)O on protein solutions and living tissues”..Magn Reson Med 1987 Apr;4(4):399-403
  • Hopkins AL, Haacke EM, Barr RG, Tkach J.” Oxygen-17 contrast agents. Fast imaging techniques”. Invest Radiol 1988 Sep;23 Suppl 1:S240-2
  • Shporer M, Civan MM.,” NMR study of -17-O from H2-17-O in human erythrocytes” Biochim Biophys Acta 1975 Mar 14;385(1):81-7

Clinical Use of Stable Isotopes

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Oxy-17® is a registered Trade Mark of Rockland Technimed Ltd for: Oxygen-based diagnostic agents, preparations and substances for medical purposes, namely, contrast media for medical imaging for use with MRI diagnostic apparatus, and diagnostic scanning agents in the nature of contrast media for use in In-Vivo imaging.